1. Dev C++ Linker Error Undefined Reference To Winman 16& 39 1
2. Dev C++ Linker Error Undefined Reference To Winman 16& 39 2

Introduction

In this article I’ll be looking at the “undefined reference” error message (or “unresolved external symbol, for Visual C++ users). This is not actually a message from the compiler, but is emitted by the linker, so the first thing to do is to understand what the linker is, and what it does.

Linker 101

To understand the linker, you have to understand how C++ programs are built. For all but the very simplest programs, the program is composed of multiple C++ source files (also known as “translation units”). These are compiled separately, using the C++ compiler, to produce object code files (files with a .o or a .obj extension) which contain machine code. Each object code file knows nothing about the others, so if you call a function from one object file that exists in another, the compiler cannot provide the address of the called function.

This is where the the linker comes in. Once all the object files have been produced, the linker looks at them and works out what the final addresses of functions in the executable will be. It then patches up the addresses the compiler could not provide. It does the same for any libraries (.a and .lib files) you may be using. And finally it writes the executable file out to disk.

Dev C++ Linker Error Undefined Reference To Winman 16& 39 1

1. DEV-C1Liblibmingw32.a(main.o)(.text+0x8e): undefined reference to `WinMain@.' Greets, Mister Maust. Try creating a console program (somewhere in `Project.
2. May 16, 2006  SomethingRandom is definately on the right lines, however your main may be correct, you have tried to compile/link the project as a Windows Application without defining the WinMain function.
3. Jul 11, 2002  Allegro.cc Forums » Installation, Setup & Configuration » undefined reference to `WinMain@16' This thread is locked; no one can reply to it. Undefined reference to `WinMain@16'.
4. Apr 26, 2014  1 error(s), 0 warning(s) (0 minute(s), 0 second(s)) I have search a lot of thread but those solution dont fit my problems. I guess there is something.
5. Jun 28, 2010  Linker error undefined reference to `WinMain@16' adny I've just learned how to split a program in more subprograms and how I can create header files, but I didn't figure out how I can make the main program work. Linker error undefined reference to `WinMain@16' ld returned 1 exit status. (I'm using dev c 4.9.9.2 under windows.
6. There was a Linux version, but it has been abandoned, mainly because Dev-C is written in Delphi, but the Linux version of Delphi (Kylix) wasn't as promising as it should have been. But there are excellent alternative IDEs for Linux, such as KDevelop and Anjuta.

Apr 23, 2006  Which library does a Dev-C compiled program have to link with to resolve the following Linker error: undefined reference to 'WinMain@16' ld. Log in or Sign up Tech Support Guy.

The linker is normally a separate program from the compiler (for example, the GCC linker is called ld) but will normally be called for you when you use your compiler suite’s driver program (so the GCC driver g++ will call ld for you).

Traditionally, linker technology has lagged behind compilers, mostly because it’s generally more fun to build a compiler than to build a linker. And linkers do not necessarily have access to the source code for the object files they are linking. Put together, you get a situation where linker errors, and the reasons for them, can be cryptic in the extreme.

Undefined reference

Put simply, the “undefined reference” error means you have a reference (nothing to do with the C++ reference type) to a name (function, variable, constant etc.) in your program that the linker cannot find a definition for when it looks through all the object files and libraries that make up your project. There are any number of reasons why it can’t find the definition – we’ll look at the commonest ones now.

No Definition

Probably the most common reason for unresolved reference errors is that you simply have not defined the thing you are referencing. This code illustrates the problem:

Here, we have a declaration of the function foo(), which we call in main(), but no definition. So we get the error (slightly edited for clarity):

The way to fix it is to provide the definition:

Wrong Definition

Another common error is to provide a definition that does not match up with declaration (or vice versa). For example, if the code above we had provided a definition of foo() that looked like this:

then we would still get an error from the linker because the signatures (name, plus parameter list types) of the declaration and definition don’t match, so the definition actually defines a completely different function from the one in the declaration. To avoid this problem, take some care when writing declarations and definitions, and remember that things like references, pointers and const all count towards making a function signature unique.

Didn’t Link Object File

This is another common problem. Suppose you have two C++ source files:

and:

If you compile f1.cpp on its own you get this:

and if you compile f2.cpp on its own, you get this even more frightening one:

In this situation, you need to compile both the the source files on the same command line, for example, using GCC:

or if you have compiled them separately down to object files:

For further information on compiling and linking multiple files in C++, particularly with GCC, please see my series of three blog articles starting here.

Wrong Project Type

The linker error regarding WinMain above can occur in a number of situations, particularly when you are using a C++ IDE such as CodeBlocks or Visual Studio. These IDEs offer you a number of project types such as “Windows Application” and “Console Application”. If you want to write a program that has a int main() function in it, always make sure that you choose “Console Application”, otherwise the IDE may configure the linker to expect to find a WinMain() function instead.

No Library

To understand this issue, remember that a header file (.h) is not a library. The linker neither knows nor cares about header files – it cares about .a and .lib files. So if you get a linker error regarding a name that is in a library you are using, it is almost certainly because you have not linked with that library. To perform the linkage, if you are using an IDE you can normally simply add the library to your project, if using the command line, once again please see my series of blog articles on the GCC command line starting here, which describes some other linker issues you may have.

Conclusion

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The unresolved reference error can have many causes, far from all of which have been described here. But it’s not magic – like all errors it means that you have done something wrong, in you code and/or your project’s configuration, and you need to take some time to sit down, think logically, and figure out what.

cs2370week8cs2370week8AssigncardDeck.o'
c:/program files/codeblocks/mingw/bin/./lib/gcc/mingw32/4.7.1/./././libmingw32.a(main.o):main.c:(.text.startup+0xa7): undefined reference to `WinMain@16'
collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
Process terminated with status 1 (0 minutes, 7 seconds)
1 errors, 0 warnings (0 minutes, 7 seconds)

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Dev C++ Linker Error Undefined Reference To Winman 16& 39 2

Make sure you select 'Console Application' in your project's configurations. The WinMain function that is missing from your code is the 'main' function that is expected from a GUI Win32 application. If you select 'console' application, it should be looking for the 'main()' function, which I presume you have defined in your 'main.c' file.